@font-face{font-family:Fraunces Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/fraunces-vietnamese-wght-normal.CnvboYUG.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:Fraunces Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/fraunces-latin-ext-wght-normal.Ca2vKHc0.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Fraunces Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/fraunces-latin-wght-normal.ukD16Tqj.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:Inter Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/inter-cyrillic-ext-wght-normal.BOeWTOD4.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+460-52F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:Inter Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/inter-cyrillic-wght-normal.DqGufNeO.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:Inter Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/inter-greek-ext-wght-normal.DlzME5K_.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+1F??}@font-face{font-family:Inter Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/inter-greek-wght-normal.CkhJZR-_.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+370-377,U+37A-37F,U+384-38A,U+38C,U+38E-3A1,U+3A3-3FF}@font-face{font-family:Inter Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/inter-vietnamese-wght-normal.CBcvBZtf.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:Inter Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/inter-latin-ext-wght-normal.DO1Apj_S.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Inter Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/inter-latin-wght-normal.Dx4kXJAl.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}:root{--bg:oklch(98.5% .004 265);--surface:oklch(100% 0 0);--sunken:oklch(96.5% .006 265);--ink:oklch(22% .025 265);--muted:oklch(47% .02 265);--line:oklch(90% .01 265);--line-strong:oklch(78% .015 265);--link:oklch(47% .17 265);--accent:oklch(85% .165 92);--accent-ink:oklch(25% .04 92);--panel:oklch(24% .03 265);--panel-2:oklch(30% .03 265);--panel-fg:oklch(97% .005 265);--panel-muted:oklch(80% .015 265);--info-bg:oklch(96% .025 92);--info-line:oklch(86% .06 92);--bad:oklch(52% .19 27);--c1:oklch(60% .12 265);--c2:oklch(80% .15 92);--display:"Fraunces Variable", Georgia, serif;--body:"Inter Variable", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--r:14px;--s1:4px;--s2:8px;--s3:12px;--s4:16px;--s5:24px;--s6:32px;--s7:48px;--s8:72px;--ease:cubic-bezier(.22, 1, .36, 1);color-scheme:light}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root{--bg:oklch(18% .015 265);--surface:oklch(22% .018 265);--sunken:oklch(20% .016 265);--ink:oklch(95% .008 265);--muted:oklch(74% .015 265);--line:oklch(30% .02 265);--line-strong:oklch(42% .02 265);--link:oklch(80% .11 265);--panel:oklch(27% .03 265);--panel-2:oklch(33% .03 265);--info-bg:oklch(26% .03 92);--info-line:oklch(42% .06 92);--bad:oklch(72% .15 27);--c1:oklch(70% .11 265);color-scheme:dark}}*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-padding-top:16px}body{background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font:400 1.0625rem/1.6 var(--body);margin:0}a{color:var(--link);text-underline-offset:.18em;text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--link);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:4px}.wrap{max-width:1080px;padding-left:max(var(--s4), env(safe-area-inset-left));padding-right:max(var(--s4), env(safe-area-inset-right));margin:0 auto}.skip{position:absolute;left:-9999px}.skip:focus{left:var(--s4);top:var(--s2);background:var(--surface);padding:var(--s2) var(--s3);z-index:30}.top{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--bg)}.top .wrap{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:var(--s4);min-height:64px;display:flex}.brand{font:650 1.25rem/1 var(--display);color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.01em;align-items:center;gap:10px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.brand svg{flex:none;width:28px;height:28px}.menu{position:relative}.menu summary{cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;padding:0 var(--s4);border:1px solid var(--line-strong);transition:background .18s var(--ease);border-radius:999px;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600;list-style:none;display:inline-flex}.menu summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.menu summary:after{content:"";width:7px;height:7px;transition:transform .18s var(--ease);border-bottom:2px solid;border-right:2px solid;transform:translateY(-2px)rotate(45deg)}.menu[open] summary:after{transform:translateY(2px)rotate(-135deg)}.menu summary:hover,.menu[open] summary{background:var(--sunken)}.menu nav{right:0;top:calc(100% + var(--s2));background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);width:min(340px,100vw - 32px);padding:var(--s2);z-index:20;display:grid;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 16px 40px oklch(20% .03 265/.16)}.menu nav a{min-height:44px;padding:0 var(--s3);color:var(--ink);border-radius:8px;align-items:center;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.menu nav a:hover,.menu nav a[aria-current]{background:var(--sunken)}.menu nav a[aria-current]{font-weight:600}h1,h2,h3{text-wrap:balance;letter-spacing:-.015em}h1{font:650 2.125rem/1.1 var(--display);margin:0 0 var(--s3);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 96}h2{font:600 1.5rem/1.2 var(--display);margin:var(--s7) 0 var(--s3)}h3{font:600 1.0625rem/1.3 var(--body);margin:var(--s5) 0 var(--s2)}@media (width>=760px){h1{font-size:2.75rem}h2{font-size:1.625rem}}p{margin:0 0 var(--s4);text-wrap:pretty;max-width:68ch}.lede{color:var(--muted);max-width:60ch;font-size:1.125rem}.crumbs{color:var(--muted);margin:var(--s5) 0 var(--s3);font-size:.875rem}.crumbs a{color:inherit}main{padding-bottom:var(--s8)}strong{font-weight:650}.calc{margin:var(--s5) 0 var(--s2);border-radius:var(--r);border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface);display:grid;overflow:hidden}@media (width>=820px){.calc{grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr}}.calc form{padding:var(--s5);gap:var(--s4);grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(170px,1fr));align-content:start;align-items:end;display:grid}.field{flex-direction:column;gap:6px;min-width:0;display:flex}.field.wide,.field-radio{grid-column:1/-1}.field>label,.field legend{font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600}.control{border:1px solid var(--line-strong);background:var(--bg);min-height:48px;transition:border-color .15s var(--ease), box-shadow .15s var(--ease);border-radius:10px;align-items:stretch;display:flex;overflow:hidden}.control:hover{border-color:var(--muted)}.control:focus-within{border-color:var(--link);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px oklch(47% .17 265/.22)}.control input,.control select{min-width:0;color:inherit;font:500 1.0625rem/1.2 var(--body);padding:0 var(--s3);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;background:0 0;border:0;flex:1}.control input:focus,.control select:focus{outline:none}.control:has(input[aria-invalid]){border-color:var(--bad)}.control input[aria-invalid]{color:var(--bad)}.unit{padding:0 var(--s3);color:var(--muted);background:var(--sunken);border-left:1px solid var(--line);place-items:center;font-size:.875rem;display:grid}.hint{color:var(--muted);font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.35}fieldset{border:0;min-width:0;margin:0;padding:0}.seg{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin-top:6px;display:flex}.seg label{position:relative}.seg input{opacity:0;cursor:pointer;margin:0;position:absolute;inset:0}.seg span{min-height:44px;padding:0 var(--s4);border:1px solid var(--line-strong);transition:background .15s var(--ease), color .15s var(--ease);border-radius:999px;align-items:center;font-weight:500;display:inline-flex}.seg label:hover span{background:var(--sunken)}.seg input:checked+span{background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);border-color:var(--ink)}.seg input:focus-visible+span{outline:3px solid var(--link);outline-offset:2px}.field-check{flex-direction:row;align-items:center;gap:10px;min-height:44px;font-weight:500;display:flex}.field-check input{width:20px;height:20px;accent-color:var(--link)}.result{background:var(--panel);color:var(--panel-fg);padding:var(--s5);gap:var(--s3);align-content:start;display:grid}.result .label{color:var(--panel-muted);font-size:.9375rem}.result .big{font:700 2.75rem/1.05 var(--body);letter-spacing:-.03em;color:var(--accent);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}@media (width>=760px){.result .big{font-size:3.25rem}}.result .sub{font-size:1.0625rem;font-weight:500}.result dl{margin:var(--s2) 0 0;gap:var(--s2) var(--s4);border-top:1px solid var(--panel-2);padding-top:var(--s3);grid-template-columns:1fr auto;display:grid}.result dt{color:var(--panel-muted)}.result dd{text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin:0;font-weight:600}.result,.result .big{transition:opacity .2s var(--ease)}[data-state=invalid] .result{opacity:.5}.gauge{height:10px;margin-top:var(--s2);background:linear-gradient(90deg,oklch(72% .1 240) 0 14%,oklch(72% .14 150) 14% 40%,oklch(85% .16 92) 40% 60%,oklch(74% .15 55) 60% 80%,oklch(62% .19 27) 80%);border-radius:999px;position:relative}.gauge i{background:var(--panel-fg);width:4px;height:22px;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px var(--panel);top:-6px;left:var(--pos,50%);transition:left .25s var(--ease);border-radius:2px;position:absolute;transform:translate(-2px)}.gauge-scale{height:1.3em;color:var(--panel-muted);font-size:.75rem;display:block;position:relative}.gauge-scale span{position:absolute;transform:translate(-50%)}.gauge-scale span:first-child{transform:none}.gauge-scale span:last-child{transform:translate(-100%)}.figure{margin:var(--s4) 0 var(--s5);padding:var(--s4);background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r)}.figure figcaption{color:var(--muted);margin-top:var(--s2);gap:var(--s2) var(--s4);flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;font-size:.875rem;display:flex}.chart-svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;overflow:visible}.c-grid{stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:1px}.c-axis{fill:var(--muted);font:12px var(--body);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.c-line-a{stroke:var(--c1);stroke-width:2.5px;stroke-linejoin:round}.c-area-a{fill:oklch(60% .12 265/.14)}.c-bar-a{fill:var(--c1)}.c-bar-b{fill:var(--c2)}.c-ref{stroke:var(--bad);stroke-width:1.5px;stroke-dasharray:5 4}.c-ref-label{fill:var(--bad);font:600 12px var(--body)}.c-marker{stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.5px}.c-marker-label{fill:var(--ink);font:600 12px var(--body)}.key{align-items:center;gap:6px;display:inline-flex}.key i{background:var(--c1);border-radius:3px;width:12px;height:12px}.key i.b{background:var(--c2)}.timeline{margin:var(--s4) 0 var(--s5)}.tl-bar{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;grid-template-columns:13fr 14fr 13fr;height:40px;display:grid;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.tl-bar span{color:var(--ink);place-items:center;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;display:grid}.tl-bar span:first-child{background:oklch(93% .04 265)}.tl-bar span:nth-child(2){background:oklch(90% .06 265)}.tl-bar span:nth-child(3){background:oklch(86% .08 265)}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.tl-bar span:first-child{background:oklch(30% .04 265)}.tl-bar span:nth-child(2){background:oklch(34% .06 265)}.tl-bar span:nth-child(3){background:oklch(38% .08 265)}}.tl-now{background:var(--ink);width:3px;top:-6px;bottom:-6px;left:var(--pos,0%);transition:left .25s var(--ease);border-radius:2px;position:absolute}.tl-scale{color:var(--muted);justify-content:space-between;margin-top:6px;font-size:.75rem;display:flex}.formula{background:var(--sunken);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:var(--s3) var(--s4);border-radius:10px;max-width:68ch;font:500 1rem/1.6 ui-monospace,Cascadia Mono,Consolas,monospace;overflow-x:auto}.tbl{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);background:var(--surface);margin:var(--s3) 0 var(--s5);overflow-x:auto}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.9375rem}th,td{text-align:left;padding:10px var(--s4);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}th{color:var(--muted);background:var(--sunken);font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600}td.r,th.r{text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap}tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}.note{background:var(--info-bg);border:1px solid var(--info-line);padding:var(--s3) var(--s4) var(--s3) calc(var(--s4) + 34px);border-radius:12px;max-width:68ch;position:relative}.note:before{content:"i";left:var(--s4);top:calc(var(--s3) + 2px);background:var(--accent);width:22px;height:22px;color:var(--accent-ink);font:700 .8125rem/1 var(--body);border-radius:50%;place-items:center;display:grid;position:absolute}.sources{color:var(--muted);padding-left:1.2em;font-size:.875rem}.sources li{margin-bottom:var(--s1)}.mini{gap:var(--s4);margin-top:var(--s5);grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(290px,1fr));display:grid}.mini .calc{grid-template-columns:1fr;margin:0}.mini h2{font:600 1.0625rem/1.3 var(--body);padding:var(--s4) var(--s5) 0;margin:0}.mini form{padding-top:var(--s3)}.mini .result{padding:var(--s4) var(--s5)}.mini .big{font-size:2.125rem}.hero{gap:var(--s5);padding:var(--s6) 0 var(--s4);align-items:center;display:grid}@media (width>=820px){.hero{padding-top:var(--s7);grid-template-columns:1fr 300px}}.hero-art{justify-self:center;width:100%;max-width:300px;height:auto}@media (width<=819px){.hero-art{justify-self:start;max-width:200px}}.index{gap:var(--s6);margin-top:var(--s5);grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(300px,1fr));display:grid}.index h2{margin:0 0 var(--s2);font-size:1.25rem}.index ul{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.index li a{gap:2px var(--s3);padding:var(--s3) var(--s1);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);transition:background .15s var(--ease);grid-template-columns:1fr auto;text-decoration:none;display:grid}.index li a:hover{background:var(--sunken)}.index li a strong{font-weight:600}.index li a span{color:var(--muted);grid-column:1;font-size:.9375rem}.index li a:after{content:"→";color:var(--muted);transition:transform .18s var(--ease);grid-area:1/2/span 2;align-self:center}.index li a:hover:after{color:var(--ink);transform:translate(3px)}.foot{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:var(--s6) 0 calc(var(--s7) + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));color:var(--muted);background:var(--sunken);font-size:.875rem}.foot .wrap{gap:var(--s3) var(--s5);flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;display:flex}.foot nav{gap:var(--s2) var(--s4);flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}.foot a{color:inherit}.operator{gap:var(--s1) var(--s4);margin:var(--s4) 0;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;display:grid}.operator dt{color:var(--muted)}.operator dd{margin:0}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,:before,:after{transition-duration:.01ms!important}}.chart-n{display:none}@media (width<=600px){.chart-w{display:none}.chart-n{display:block}}.result .warn{margin:var(--s2) 0 0;padding:var(--s3);background:var(--panel-2);color:var(--panel-fg);border-radius:10px;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600}.calc-error{color:var(--bad,#b3261e);grid-column:1/-1;margin:0;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600}.tbl:focus-visible{outline-offset:3px}.foot nav a,.crumbs a{align-items:center;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.crumbs{margin-bottom:0}.skip:focus{align-items:center;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.hint{font-size:.875rem}.brand{min-height:44px}.c-axis,.c-ref-label,.c-marker-label{font-size:13px}.gauge-scale,.tl-scale{font-size:.8125rem}